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A Sage Idea

Ad Data: Links to a couple of interesting articles

Are we making our choices and decisions based on our own objective, rational, informed analysis of each situation? 

Most of the time, probably not.

Here are links to a couple of interesting Ad Age articles that reveal how data analysis is being used by others to influence our decisions.

No surprise to a billion annoyed Facebook subscribers, social media is still having difficulty justifying its commercial value. But to their probable dismay, those annoying pop-up ads are not likely to go away. After analyzing mountains of data, one of the world’s most astute marketers has found that social media “buzz” has a negligible effect on sales, but that online ad impressions are just about as effective as TV ad impressions.  

How analysis of customer use and demographic data has led to potentially profitable choices about recipe ingredients for Kraft Foods, convenience store distribution locations for the Sierra Nevada brewing company, and a coupon cross-promotion for SkinnyGirl low-calorie cocktails.

The Potato Chip (Crisp) Perspective

From The Economist (November 24th-30th, 2012, “Naming names,” p.16), on putting the more than $6 billion spent on the 2012 election into perspective:

 …when you consider that Americans were electing on November 6th not just the president but 435 congressmen and 33 senators in a vast country of 330m people, where electioneering is primarily conducted by paid television advertisements, the figure may not seem quite so high. Americans spend more than that every year in potato crisps.

Which might also help explain our problem with obesity.

The Name of Success

Do candidates with shorter names have a better chance of being elected? There is good reason to guess this may be true, especially in local elections.


A typical political yard sign is 26 inches wide and 16 inches high. For a local election, these yard signs often comprise a major part of the campaign. They tend to be very simple in design and message. Most such signs carry no more than the name of a candidate and the office the candidate is running for.


The ubiquitous presence of these signs in the weeks leading up to an election is a reflection of the importance of building name recognition for the candidates. Studies have shown that seeing a name over and over again does more than simply increase awareness and memorability of the name. This visual repetition also creates greater comfort, acceptance and positive feelings associated with the name.


Evolutionary psychology suggests this positive reaction may be hard-wired into us. The need to survive has programmed us to pay attention to new features of our environment and to regard them as potential dangers until proven otherwise. If, after many encounters with the feature it has not attempted to eat us, it can be judged to be benign—a familiar and accepted part of our lives. Similarly, it can be projected that the more often we see a particular road sign, the friendlier it will seem to be. 


So much for the importance of the yard signs. But what about the impact of the messages they carry? In the local election just completed in my community, two races in particular were suggestive of a larger pattern. 


In one case, a congressional race, a man named Gibson was running against a man named Schreibman. When sized to fit into yard-sign spaces, their names look like this (the font is Arial Narrow Bold): 




In the other election, five candidates were competing for two available seats on the State Supreme Court. Sized to fit into yard-sign spaces, their names look like this: 




So, are you curious about the results? Admittedly, the sample size is extremely small, but they suggest the value of a larger study: with one barely outlying exception (Malone & Kavanagh, who were separated by less than a percentage point), relative font-point size was perfectly correlated with electoral success:



From my Cousin in Connecticut

We need to have a conversation about this. A national conversation.

I received this in an email from my cousin who lives in a small, picturesque and seemingly safe area in the state of Connecticut. An area a lot like the Sandy Hook section of Newtown, CT, where 20 elementary school children were gunned down yesterday. 

Whether or not you agree with these thoughts about reducing gun violence, please pass them on — and not just to people you think will agree.

OK, that's enough. No more discussion, no sloganeering, no arguing 
over the 2nd amendment. The truth is that any country that has 102 
guns in circulation for every 100 citizens (the US) is going to have more 
Newtowns than a country with 1 gun for every 100 citizens (England). Guns don't kill people. People who can get guns easily kill people.

But forget trying to have the 2nd amendment re-interpreted at the 
federal level. It's a waste of time. The 2nd amendment is law. So how 
do we make Connecticut safe from the gun crazies in Missouri and Texas?

Attack the gun laws on the margins. Clearly, the Founders never 
intended the 2nd amendment to apply to the states. They were 
interested only in preventing a federal confiscation of firearms. So 
reverse the rulings that incorporated the 2nd amendment, McDonald v. 
Chicago and DC v. Heller. Give back to the people of Connecticut the 
right to restrict gun ownership and importation across state lines, 
regardless of what the people in Alabama want. Let's have Connecticut 
pass law after law restricting the right to own guns in this state and 
make the gun lobby challenge every one in the courts.

Like the absurd anti-gay marriage initiative in Mississippi, let's 
pass multiple ballot initiatives to restrict gun ownership. Who cares 
if they are constitutional? Just exhaust the legal resources of the NRA.

Adopt the tactics of the Right to Life people. Who had more right to 
life than the twenty children in Newtown? Stigmatize and traumatize 
gun owners. March outside gun stores and registration stations with 
bloody pictures of children dead from gunshot wounds. Print gun 
ownership records in the local papers. Confront gun owners. Would 
Nancy Lanza have been so eager to own two handguns if she knew that 
owning those guns might cost her her job teaching five year olds? We 
point accusing fingers at teachers who are adulterers, but being a 
serial handgun owner is okay? That's just bizarre.

Boycott stores that sell guns. The gun department in the local Walmart 
is adjacent to the toy department. Disgusting irony.

States rights - If the good people of Texas want to line up in their 
heat and humidity and rapid fire round after round at each other from 
their automatic weapons, god bless them. Just don't invite me to the 
gunfest and don't impose that culture on us in Connecticut.

Vanity Press

So, as I have been known to do occasionally, I wrote a letter to the editor of Albany's dominant newspaper, The Times Union.
 
And they published it this morning, as they have done with every letter I have sent them.
 
And of course they edited it in ways that raised my blood pressure to unhealthy levels, as they have done with every letter I have sent them.
 
And after going through my usual stages of anger, shame (I don't want anyone to think I write like that), and denial (I'll never ever send them anything ever again...ever), I have come out on the other side understanding that I will probably do it all again because they did actually put my general point in front of their audience.
 
And they spelled my name right.
 
If you have 2 minutes to spare (assuming you read 250 words per minute or faster), feel free to judge this tale of perfidy and/or redemption for yourself.
 
 
What I sent them:
 

Why the Top Tax Rates Must Go Up

 

There is a simple reason why the wealthy should pay a higher tax rate on the upper portions of their income. Farmers don’t like high taxes any more than the rest of us, but they understand why. It comes down to a simple corn-grower’s choice:

 

After you’ve put enough of your seed corn aside to feed your family for the year, should you keep putting more of it aside for family food, even though you’ll have to share a lot of it with your disagreeable Uncle Samuel (and what’s left over will probably make you all fat anyway)?

 

Or should you take the rest of that seed corn and plant it to grow next year’s crops?

 

Farmers, like business owners and executives, get to choose how to allocate the proceeds of their businesses. But most farmers don’t need a hungry Uncle Samuel to help them realize why it’s a good idea to put this year’s surplus to work growing next year’s proceeds.

 

A higher tax rate on income over $250,000—more than ample for most families—would give business owners a stronger incentive to make the corn-grower’s choice: to put 100 cents out of every one of those surplus dollars to work growing their businesses—by investing in new equipment and more highly skilled workers, for instance—instead of giving nearly 40 cents out of every dollar to Uncle Samuel just to have the right to keep 60 cents with which to play and grow fat.

 

Job Creationism

There is a myth that higher taxes on our “Job Creators” will ruin our economy. Like many myths, this one should not be accepted on faith.

A lot of people seem to take dogmatic pronouncements like this on faith. According to a May 2012 Gallup Poll, for instance, 46 percent of American adults believe that “God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years.”

And according to the 2012 Presidential Election, it looks as though about 47 percent of American adults—at least those who voted—believe that higher taxes on the wealthiest Americans would lead to higher unemployment.

Both of these beliefs seem to persist despite ample evidence to the contrary. Mountains of irrefutable evidence from the fields of geology, archaeology, paleontology, biology and astronomy support the “theory” that life-forms, including humans, evolved on planet Earth over a period of many millions of years. A simple reading of recent history and also a recently suppressed-and-then-unsuppressed report from the Congressional Research Service show that higher marginal tax rates on high income levels do not, in fact, hamper the economy or hinder job growth.

In the 1950’s, the Eisenhower administration reduced the highest marginal tax rate from 92 percent to a much more reasonable 91 percent. Despite—or perhaps in part because of—these tax rates, the economy grew exponentially, real wages flourished, and the “Father Knows Best” generation enjoyed a period of prosperity so wonderful that one of our political parties seems determined to turn our national clocks back by 60 years (tax rates excluded, of course).

Let us consider the likely impact of a marginal tax rate of 91 percent on income over—oh let’s pick a number—say, $250,000 per year. With such a tax rate, small business owners and corporate magnates would have little incentive to siphon more than that amount out of their businesses for their own personal use. Given the choice of sending 91 cents out of every dollar over $250,000 to the government or plowing 100 cents from each of those dollars back into the business, what do you suppose America’s one-percenters would do?

Well, if they were to follow the example of the hallowed 1950s, they would do things like buying and producing more inventory. Investing in more research. Buying more equipment. Hiring more employees and training them to be more productive. And the next thing you know, we would have more valuable businesses, higher employment, more money to pay in salaries, and a more vibrant economy. And a shrinking Federal deficit.

But with no difference in the tax rates on the first $250,000 and every dollar in income over that amount, the biggest incentive that remains is simple greed. That is our current economic condition, with the wealthiest Americans focused on wealth acquisition and wealth preservation. 

Remember, whether they are business owners or "merely" business executives, these are people who can choose how to allocate the proceeds of their businesses. Because there is no incentive to do otherwise, too many of these "Job Creators" are allocating too much of their businesses' proceeds to themselves. 

Instead of being reinvested to build businesses, grow the economy and create more jobs, the profits of our successful businesses are being siphoned off to accumulate and be preserved in hedge funds and off-shore accounts, from whence they are unlikely to trickle down to anyone but the next generation of the one percent (unless we do something about the recently gutted Inheritance Tax). And their motto: “Never, ever, dip into Capital!”

Right now, our representatives in Washington are considering whether to raise the tax rates on the highest incomes from 35 percent up to as much as 39 percent. Those opposed to this slight increase claim it will discourage job creation. 

Relatively speaking, they are right. Raising the tax rate on income over $250,000 to 39 percent will not encourage job creation nearly as much as reversing the order of those digits. Let’s make it 93 percent instead.

Our Post-Racism Fantasy

Cognitive Friction happens when you take two sets of facts or ideas or ways of looking at the world and you rub them together. For instance, many people think we live in a post-racist society, but the act of cognitive friction can reveal something very different.

 

The evidence of Harvard’s Project Implicit shows that the overwhelming majority of people in the United States – whites and people of color, young and old, rich and poor – harbor a deep-seated bias against darker skinned people. They persistently and unconsciously associate lighter skin on the positive side and darker skin on the negative side of the continuum on all the following sets of characteristics:

 

Smart vs Stupid

Good vs Bad

Safe vs Risky

Peaceful vs Risky

Lawful vs Unlawful

Beautiful vs Ugly

Likable vs Unlikable

Positive vs Negative

 

Okay, you might say, that may be true but it is just an unconscious bias that we all have learned to overcome because we do not agree with racism, we do not approve of racism, and we do not believe we are racists. Our conscious decisions about how we choose to act serve to mitigate and eliminate the effects of this racist bias. And it is, after all, our conscious choices that define us.

 

But if we rub the evidence of Project Implicit up against the evidence of a growing number of studies of elaboration likelihood (i.e., whether people are likely to engage in rational, conscious thought about something), we might start to worry.

 

These studies of conscious vs unconscious processing demonstrate that perhaps 95 percent of our actions are performed unconsciously, without intentional rational deliberation. Like the way we drive our cars, we mostly operate on autopilot. We may think we are thinking about something, but usually we are paying as little attention as possible while actually thinking about something else.

 

When these sets of findings are considered separately, there is little cause for alarm about the human condition, or about the persistence and pervasiveness of racism in the United States. But taken together, they suggest that even among people who abhor the idea of racism, 95 percent of their decisions and actions are undertaken under the unmitigated influence of a broad and deep-seated racist bias. Yes, racism is alive and well and we are all contributing to its expression.

 

Want to check your own degree of racism? Go to https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/ and poke around.

Two 30-second commercials we'd like to hear

What a political campaign says about an opposing candidate can easily be ignored by undecided voters. Partisan bias is easy to spot when you don't share that bias.

Harder to ignore are the actual words and deeds of the candidate in question. That's why these two 30-second radio commercials could be effective in the current election cycle.

If you also think they might be effective, please forward them—or a link to this page—to all the undecided voters you know.

"WHAT ROMNEY SAID" (30 seconds)

What can we expect from Mitt Romney?

He won’t tell us. He just says “trust me,” but let’s look at the record.

After he said his health care plan would cover pre-existing conditions, his handlers said he didn’t mean it.

After he said he wouldn’t go after women’s right to choose, his handlers said he didn’t mean it.

And after he said 47 percent of us would never take responsibility for ourselves, even he said he didn’t mean it.

The record doesn’t lie. But what can we expect from Mitt Romney?

"WHAT ROMNEY DID" (30 seconds)

What can we expect from Mitt Romney?

He doesn’t want to tell us. He won’t show us his tax returns, he won’t talk about his policies.

He says he’ll create jobs, but let’s look at his record. When he was governor of Massachusetts, the state was 47th out of 50 in job creation… almost dead last.

And in polls in Massachusetts, where the voters know him best, two-thirds say they’re going to vote against him.

The record doesn’t lie. But what can we expect from Mitt Romney?


Ten Debate Talking Points Every Democrat Should Memorize

You never know when an opposing candidate or partisan will make a statement requiring a response—or providing an opportunity for one. It is best to be prepared at all times. 

If you sympathize with or support this year's Democratic slate of candidates, here are ten talking points you may wish you had memorized come November 7th.

1.       Your party wants to privatize social security, turn Medicare into a voucher program, and give insurance companies the right to refuse coverage to people with preexisting conditions.

2.       Your party wants to make contraception illegal, and to force women to carry and give birth to the products of rape and incest, even if it endangers their lives.

3.       Your party wants to strip working people of the right to join together to protect each other’s rights, negotiate for better working conditions, and receive equal pay for equal work.

4.       Your party wants to cut investment in our country’s roads, bridges, public safety agencies and education system to pay for massive tax cuts for millionaires and even bigger ones for billionaires.

5.       Your party wants to double down on the same policies that led to the greatest financial crisis and deepest economic recession since the great depression.

6.       Your party wants to convince people that the way to create jobs is to fire teachers, firemen and policemen.

7.       Your party wants to restore America’s standing in the world community by reinstating the Cheney-Bush policies on torture, hiring back all the Cheney-Bush foreign policy advisors, and starting up the Big Lie about going to war because of weapons of mass destruction all over again.

8.       Your party wants to win the election by making it harder for people to vote.

9.       Your party refuses to let your campaign claims and policy proposals be dictated to by fact-checkers, simple mathematics, or the truth.

10.   So far, your party’s policies and candidates have managed to alienate African Americans, Latinos, women, the gay community, the AARP, military veterans, school teachers, doctors, nurses, nuns and our strongest ally, Great Britain. Who’s next?

On Encountering Another Smartest Person in the Room

One of the problems with being the smartest person in the room is that you learn to expect that no one else in the room has anything of value to add, and that  >sigh<  you have to expend soooo much energy getting those people who keep speaking up to just listen to you and understand that your way is the right way.


I’ve been the smartest person in the room enough times to appreciate that.


But one of the other problems with being the smartest person in the room is your automatic response to other people’s ideas and thoughts tends to be to treat them as inferior competitors to your own—to be ignored, or shouted down, or rebutted—instead of contributions that just might add some value.


The unfortunate result is that you never get the benefit of that potential added value. You are condemned to produce work that is only as good as what you can envision yourself—or would be that good if only everyone else would cooperate. 


And you never get to experience producing work that is better than you could have imagined if you hadn’t limited yourself to being the only valid source of vision and ideas and thoughts.

I still find myself in situations where I feel like I’m the smartest person in the room. (As a college professor teaching undergraduates, sometimes it feels as though I’m the only awake person in the room.)


But I’ve learned a few things in recent years, and they were not all easy lessons.


Sometimes I’m not the smartest person in the room. (Statistically not likely, but at least once in a hundred rooms it is probably true.)  ( >sigh< )


Even when I am the smartest person in the room, several people probably know more about some things than I do. (Contemporary music fans and Facebook users come to mind immediately.)


As smart as I am, I don’t have eyes in the back of my head, or ten feet in front of me, or around the next corner. I can’t see how I am appearing to others, or hear whether I am making sense to them based on their experiences and backgrounds. And I can’t see what they are seeing with their eyes or from their points of view.


While I may be extremely, incomparably, brilliantly smart, my intelligence does not cancel out the value and wisdom that everyone carries. A three-year-old child knows more about some things than I do. I have blind spots. I also have “I didn’t consider that” spots.


I have many really, really smart ideas. They might, in fact, be better than all the individual ideas of everyone else in the room. And if developing the best ideas were an individual competition, mine might win.


But most work projects—and life—are not individual competitions. Every single one of my really, really smart ideas can probably be made better by adding value from other people.


Of course, I can’t envision it, because I’m only as smart as I am. But together, we can create something better and greater than any of us can envision… even if we’re the smartest person in the room.

Recent Posts

  1. Ad Data: Links to a couple of interesting articles
    Tuesday, March 19, 2013
  2. The Potato Chip (Crisp) Perspective
    Saturday, January 26, 2013
  3. The Name of Success
    Wednesday, December 19, 2012
  4. From my Cousin in Connecticut
    Saturday, December 15, 2012
  5. Vanity Press
    Thursday, December 13, 2012
  6. Job Creationism
    Tuesday, December 04, 2012
  7. Our Post-Racism Fantasy
    Sunday, November 11, 2012
  8. Two 30-second commercials we'd like to hear
    Sunday, October 14, 2012
  9. Ten Debate Talking Points Every Democrat Should Memorize
    Sunday, September 30, 2012
  10. On Encountering Another Smartest Person in the Room
    Wednesday, June 13, 2012

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